Related Resources: spring material

Series Springs Stiffness Constant Equations and Calculator

Machine Design and Engineering
Spring Design and Engineering
Vibration Engineering and Design

Series Mounted Springs Stiffness Constant Equations and Calculator

Parallel Springs Stiffness Equations and Calculator

kr = ( k1 k2 ) / ( k1 + k2 )

Where:

kn = Spring Stiffness (lb/in)

Reference Harris, Shock and Vibration Handbook