Pour Point of Oil Review

Pour Point of Oil Review

Pour point: The pour point is the lowest temperature at which an oil will flow. This property is crucial for oils that must flow at low temperatures. A commonly used rule of thumb when selecting oils is to ensure that the pour point is at least 10C (20F) lower than the lowest anticipated ambient temperature.

Manual Method

ASTM D5853, Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils. The specimen is cooled inside a cooling bath to allow the formation of paraffin wax crystals. At about 9 °C above the expected pour point, and for every subsequent 3 °C, the test jar is removed and tilted to check for surface movement. When the specimen does not flow when tilted, the jar is held horizontally for 5 sec. If it does not flow, 3 °C is added to the corresponding temperature and the result is the pour point temperature.

It is also useful to note that failure to flow at the pour point may also be due to the effect of viscosity or the previous thermal history of the specimen. Therefore, the pour point may give a misleading view of the handling properties of the oil. Additional fluidity tests may also be undertaken. An approximate range of pour point can be observed from the specimen's upper and lower pour point.

Automatic Method

ASTM D5949, Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method) is an alternative to the manual test procedure. It uses automatic apparatus and yields pour point results in a format similar to the manual method (ASTM D97) when reporting at a 3 °C.

The D5949 test method determines the pour point in a shorter period of time than manual method D97. Less operator time is required to run the test using this automatic method. Additionally, no external chiller bath or refrigeration unit is needed. D5949 is capable of determining pour point within a temperature range of -57 °C to +51 °C. Results can be reported at 1 °C or 3 °C testing intervals. This test method has better repeatability and reproducibility than manual method D97.

Under ASTM D5949, the test sample is heated and then cooled by a Peltier device at a rate of 1.5 +/- 0.1 °C/min. At either 1 °C or 3 °C intervals, a pressurized pulse of compressed gas is imparted onto the surface of the sample. Multiple optical detectors continuously monitor the sample for movement. The lowest temperature at which movement is detected on the sample surface is determined to be the pour point.

The ASTM D5949 test method is utilized by Phase Tec

Measuring the pour point of crude oils

Two pour points can be derived which can give an approximate temperature window depending on its thermal history. Within this temperature range, the sample may appear liquid or solid. This peculiarity happens because wax crystals form more readily when it has been heated within the past 24 hrs and contributes to the lower pour point.

The upper pour point is measured by pouring the test sample directly into a test jar. The sample is then cooled and then inspected for pour point as per the usual pour point method.

The lower pour point is measured by first pouring the sample into a stainless steel pressure vessel . The vessel is then screwed tight and heated to above 100 °C in an oil bath. After a specified time, the vessel is removed and cooled for a short while. The sample is then poured into a test jar and immediately closed with a cork carrying the thermometer . The sample is then cooled and then inspected for pour point as per the usual pour point method.