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Fundamentals of Machine Design, Volume 1

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Fundamentals of Machine Design, Volume 1
P. Orlov
521 Pages

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Introduction:

The purpose of the present book is to offer the reader an attempt at systematic exposition of rules for rational designing.

With all the diversity of the modern. machine-building the tasks racing the designer are similar in many respects. It is the reduction of the weight and specific metalwork weight of the machine, the improved suitability for industrial production, greater durability and reliability that are of importance for the design of any machine, the ·difference lying only in the relative significance of these factors AU this enables one to formulate the principles of rational designing as a code of general rules for machine building.

The prime intention of the book is to make the designer learn to work creatively. To design imaginatively means:

• to abstain from blindly copying the existing prototypes and to design meaningfully, selecting from the entire store of the design solutions offered by the present-day mechanical engineering the ones that are most suitable under given conditions;
• to be able to combine various solutions and find new, better ones, i. e., display initiative and put vim in the work;
• to continually improve the machines' characteristics and to contribute to the progress in the given branch of mechanical engineering;
• to follow the dynamic development of the industry and devise versatile machines of long life, amenable to further modernization and capable of meeting the ever-growing demands of the national economy without running the risks of obsolescence for a long time to come.

Particular attention in the book is attached to the problems of durability and reliability. The author endeavored to strongly emphasis the leading role of the designer in tackling these problems.

In presenting the material the author followed the principle "qui vidit-bis legit" (the one who sees reads twice). Most of the designers are individuals of visual thinking and visual memory. For them a drawing or even a simple sketch means much more than many pages of explanatory notes. For this reason, each point in the text is accompanied by design examples.

To better the understanding most of the illustrations are arranged in such a way as to enable it to compare wrong and correct, inexpedient and expedient design versions.

The solutions given as correct are not the only possible ones. They should be regarded not as precepts, suitable for use in all cases, but rather as examples. In particular conditions other versions may prove more advisable.

TOC

Preface

Chapter 1. Principles 01 Machine Design
1.1. Objectives of Machine Design
1.2. Economic Factors of Design
1.3. Durability
1.4. Operational Reliability
1.5. Machine Cost
1.6. Building up Machines Derivatives on the Basis of Unification
1.7. Reduction of Product Range
1.8. Preferred Numbers and Their Use in Designing
1.9. General Design Rules

Chapter 2. Design Methods
2.1. Design Succession
2.2. Study of Machine Application Field
2.3. Choice of Design
2.4. Development of Design Versions
2.5. Method of Inversion
2.6. Composition Methods
2.7. Composition Procedures
2.8. Design Example

Chapter 3. Weight and Metal Content
3.1. Rational Sections
3.2. Lightening of Parts
3.3. Rational . Design Schemes
3.4. Correction of Design Stresses
3.5~ Materials of Improved Strength
3.8. Light Alloys
3.7. Non-Metallic Materials
3.8. Specific Indices of Strength of Materials

Chapter 4. Rigidity of Structures
4.1. Rigidity Criteria
4.2. Specific Rigidity Indices of Materials
4.3. Enhancing Rigidity at the Design Stage
4.4. Improving the Rigidity of Machine Constructions

Chapter 5. Cyclic Strength
5.1. Improvement of Fatigue Strength
5.2. Design of Cyclically Loaded Components
5.3. Cylindrical Joints Operating under Alternating Loads

Chapter 6. Contact Strength
6.1 Spherical Joints ..
6.2 Cylindrical Connections

Chapter 7. Thermal Stresses and Strains
.7.1. Thermal Stresses
7.2. Thermal Strains ....... .
7.3. Temperature-Independent Centering
7.4. Heat Removal

Chapter 8. Strengthening of Structures
8.1 Elastic Strengthening
8.2 Plastic Strengthening

Chapter 9. Surface Finish
9.1. Classes of Surface Finish •...
9.2. Selection of Surface Finish Classes

Index