Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals

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Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals

Application & Design Engineering
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‘Bio’ denotes all things which are connected with life. Firstly man has learnt the use of herbs for treatment and the knowledge of botany becomes essential for the practitioner of medicine. Gradually man has learnt to apply laws of physics and chemistry to living things which has led to the evolution of sciences of biophysics and biochemistry. In recent years, there has been rapid progress in the field of the health care. The need to effectively utilize high technology equipment and systems in the health care necessitates the expertise of clinical engineers, hospital physicians and computer scientists. Hardly any patient today would pass through a hospital or even a family physician’s chamber without the use of this technology.

The knowledge of basic engineering and the need of biomedical engineers in health care is increasingly accepted. The biomedical engineering is the inter marriage of engineering and medicine. The biomedical engineering as a subject has been introduced in the engineering courses to equip the engineering graduates to work in the health care industry. It is, therefore, essential for engineering students of almost all disciplines to have a sound knowledge of biomedical engineering. This book is designed to explain the fundamentals of biomedical engineering in the areas of biomechanics, biofluid flow, biomaterials, bioinstrumentations and in use of computing in biomedical engineering. Though this book is chiefly based on the syllabus of Uttar Pradesh Technical University, but an effort has been made to cover the syllabus of several other universities as well as based on my experience of teaching.

I have endeavoured to present a systematic explanation of the basic concepts of the biomedical engineering by firstly introducing the topics of anatomical terms and planes, terms related to movements medical terminology, histology and physiological systems of the body. A large number of objective type questions are included to enhance the understanding of the principles of theory.

TOC

1. Introduction 1
2. Concepts of Physics, Mechanics and Fluid Mechanics 23
3. Biomedical Engineering 33
4. Biomechanics of Bone 38
5. Biomechanics of Soft Tissues 48
6. Skeletal Joints 52
7. Mechanics of the Spinal Column 57
8. Mechanics of Upper Limbs 62
9. Mechanics of Lower Limbs 74
10. The Cardiovascular System and Blood Flow 89
11. The Respiratory System 111
12. Kidney and Blood Flow 122
13. Prosthesis and Therapeutic Devices 127
14. Orthosis 141
15. Metallic Biomaterials 146
16. Polymeric Biomaterials 151
17. Bioceramics 158
18. Composite Biomaterials 162
19. Biogradable Polymeric Biomaterials 165
20. Orthopedic Prostheses Fixation 167
21. Physiological Signals and Transducers 169
22. Signal Processing 181
23. Digital Image Acquisition and Processing 186
24. Radiography 194
25. Computed Tomography 204
26. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 213
27. Ultrasound Imaging 219
28. Radioisotopes and Radiotherapy 226
29. Nuclear Medicine 232
30. Health Care Information and Communication 235
31. Biotelemetry 239
32. Application of Computer in Medicine 244
33. Telemedicine 249
34. Database Design Topologies and Network Security 255
Bibliography 260
Index 262